154 lines
7.2 KiB
HTML
154 lines
7.2 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>Compiling GTK+ Applications: GTK+ 3 Reference Manual</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot">
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<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="GTK+ 3 Reference Manual">
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<link rel="up" href="platform-support.html" title="Part VII. GTK+ Platform Support">
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<link rel="prev" href="gtk-building.html" title="Compiling the GTK+ libraries">
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
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<table class="navigation" id="top" width="100%" summary="Navigation header" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"><tr valign="middle">
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<td><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="home.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Home"></a></td>
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<div class="refentry">
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<a name="gtk-compiling"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
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<div class="refnamediv"><table width="100%"><tr>
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<td valign="top">
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<h2><span class="refentrytitle">Compiling GTK+ Applications</span></h2>
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<p>Compiling GTK+ Applications —
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How to compile your GTK+ application
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</p>
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</td>
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<td class="gallery_image" valign="top" align="right"></td>
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</tr></table></div>
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<div class="refsect1">
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<a name="id-1.8.3.3"></a><h2>Compiling GTK+ Applications on UNIX</h2>
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<p>
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To compile a GTK+ application, you need to tell the compiler where to
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find the GTK+ header files and libraries. This is done with the
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<code class="literal">pkg-config</code> utility.
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</p>
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<p>
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The following interactive shell session demonstrates how
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<code class="literal">pkg-config</code> is used (the actual output on
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your system may be different):
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting">
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$ pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0
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-pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/lib64/gtk-3.0/include -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib64/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12
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$ pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0
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-pthread -lgtk-3 -lgdk-3 -latk-1.0 -lgio-2.0 -lpangoft2-1.0 -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lcairo -lpango-1.0 -lfreetype -lfontconfig -lgobject-2.0 -lgmodule-2.0 -lgthread-2.0 -lrt -lglib-2.0
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</pre>
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<p>
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</p>
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<p>
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The simplest way to compile a program is to use the "backticks"
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feature of the shell. If you enclose a command in backticks
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(<span class="emphasis"><em>not single quotes</em></span>), then its output will be
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substituted into the command line before execution. So to compile
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a GTK+ Hello, World, you would type the following:
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting">
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$ cc `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` hello.c -o hello `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0`
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</pre>
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<p>
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</p>
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<p>
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Deprecated GTK+ functions are annotated to make the compiler
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emit warnings when they are used (e.g. with gcc, you need to use
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the -Wdeprecated-declarations option). If these warnings are
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problematic, they can be turned off by defining the preprocessor
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symbol <a href="../html/gdk3-General.html#GDK-DISABLE-DEPRECATION-WARNINGS:CAPS"><code class="literal">GDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS</code></a> by using the commandline
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option <code class="literal">-DGDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS</code>
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</p>
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<p>
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GTK+ deprecation annotations are versioned; by defining the
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macros <a href="../html/gdk3-General.html#GDK-VERSION-MIN-REQUIRED:CAPS"><code class="literal">GDK_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED</code></a> and <a href="../html/gdk3-General.html#GDK-VERSION-MAX-ALLOWED:CAPS"><code class="literal">GDK_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED</code></a>,
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you can specify the range of GTK+ versions whose API you want
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to use. APIs that were deprecated before or introduced after
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this range will trigger compiler warnings.
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</p>
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<p>
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Here is how you would compile hello.c if you want to allow it
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to use symbols that were not deprecated in 3.2:
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting">
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$ cc `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` -DGDK_VERSION_MIN_REQIRED=GDK_VERSION_3_2 hello.c -o hello `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0`
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</pre>
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<p>
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</p>
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<p>
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And here is how you would compile hello.c if you don't want
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it to use any symbols that were introduced after 3.4:
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting">
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$ cc `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` -DGDK_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED=GDK_VERSION_3_4 hello.c -o hello `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0`
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</pre>
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<p>
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</p>
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<p>
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The older deprecation mechanism of hiding deprecated interfaces
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entirely from the compiler by using the preprocessor symbol
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GTK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED is still used for deprecated macros,
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enumeration values, etc. To detect uses of these in your code,
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use the commandline option <code class="literal">-DGTK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED</code>.
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There are similar symbols GDK_DISABLE_DEPRECATED,
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GDK_PIXBUF_DISABLE_DEPRECATED and G_DISABLE_DEPRECATED for GDK, GdkPixbuf and
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GLib.
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</p>
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<p>
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Similarly, if you want to make sure that your program doesn't use any
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functions which may be problematic in a multidevice setting, you can
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define the preprocessor symbol GDK_MULTIDEVICE_SAFE by using the command
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line option <code class="literal">-DGTK_MULTIDEVICE_SAFE=1</code>.
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</p>
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<div class="refsect2">
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<a name="id-1.8.3.3.11"></a><h3>Useful autotools macros</h3>
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<p>
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GTK+ provides various macros for easily checking version and backends
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supported. The macros are
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist">
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<colgroup>
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<col align="left" valign="top">
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<col>
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">AM_PATH_GTK_3_0([minimum-version], [if-found], [if-not-found], [modules])</span></p></td>
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<td>This macro should be used to check that GTK+ is installed
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and available for compilation. The four arguments are optional, and
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they are: <span class="emphasis"><em>minimum-version</em></span>, the minimum version
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of GTK+ required for compilation; <span class="emphasis"><em>if-found</em></span>, the
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action to perform if a valid version of GTK+ has been found;
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<span class="emphasis"><em>if-not-found</em></span>, the action to perform if a valid
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version of GTK+ has not been found; <span class="emphasis"><em>modules</em></span>, a
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list of modules to be checked along with GTK+.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">GTK_CHECK_BACKEND([backend-name], [minimum-version], [if-found], [if-not-found])</span></p></td>
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<td>This macro should be used to check if a specific backend
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is supported by GTK+. The <span class="emphasis"><em>minimum-version</em></span>,
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<span class="emphasis"><em>if-found</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>if-not-found</em></span>
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arguments are optional.</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table></div>
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<p>
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="footer">
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<hr>Generated by GTK-Doc V1.33.1</div>
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