505 lines
23 KiB
HTML
505 lines
23 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>Running GTK+ Applications: GTK+ 3 Reference Manual</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot">
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<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="GTK+ 3 Reference Manual">
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<link rel="up" href="platform-support.html" title="Part VII. GTK+ Platform Support">
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<link rel="prev" href="gtk-compiling.html" title="Compiling GTK+ Applications">
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<link rel="next" href="gtk-x11.html" title="Using GTK+ on the X Window System">
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<meta name="generator" content="GTK-Doc V1.33.1 (XML mode)">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css">
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
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<table class="navigation" id="top" width="100%" summary="Navigation header" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5"><tr valign="middle">
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<td width="100%" align="left" class="shortcuts"></td>
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<td><a accesskey="h" href="index.html"><img src="home.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Home"></a></td>
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<td><a accesskey="u" href="platform-support.html"><img src="up.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Up"></a></td>
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<td><a accesskey="p" href="gtk-compiling.html"><img src="left.png" width="16" height="16" border="0" alt="Prev"></a></td>
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</tr></table>
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<div class="refentry">
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<a name="gtk-running"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
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<div class="refnamediv"><table width="100%"><tr>
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<td valign="top">
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<h2><span class="refentrytitle">Running GTK+ Applications</span></h2>
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<p>Running GTK+ Applications —
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How to run and debug your GTK+ application
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</p>
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</td>
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<td class="gallery_image" valign="top" align="right"></td>
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</tr></table></div>
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<div class="refsect1">
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<a name="id-1.8.4.3"></a><h2>Running and debugging GTK+ Applications</h2>
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<div class="refsect2">
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<a name="id-1.8.4.3.2"></a><h3>Common commandline options</h3>
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<p>
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All GTK+ applications support a number of standard commandline
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options. These are removed from <code class="literal">argv</code> by gtk_init().
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Modules may parse and remove further options. The
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<a class="link" href="gtk-x11.html#x11-cmdline" title="X11-specific commandline options">X11</a> and
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<a class="link" href="gtk-windows.html#win32-cmdline" title="Windows-specific commandline options">Windows</a> GDK backends parse
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some additional commandline options.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="systemitem">--gtk-module <em class="replaceable"><code>module</code></em></code>. </b>
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A list of modules to load in addition to those specified in the
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<code class="envar">GTK3_MODULES</code> environment variable and the
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<code class="literal">gtk-modules</code> setting.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="systemitem">--g-fatal-warnings</code>. </b>
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Make GTK+ abort on all warnings. This is useful to stop on the first
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warning in a debugger, if your application is printing multiple
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warnings. It's almost always best to start debugging with the first
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warning that occurs.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="systemitem">--gtk-debug <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code>. </b>
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A list of <a class="link" href="gtk-running.html#GTK-Debug-Options" title="GTK_DEBUG">debug options</a>
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to turn on in addition to those specified in the <code class="envar">GTK_DEBUG</code>
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environment variable. This option is not available if GTK+ has been
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configured with <code class="option">--enable-debug=no</code>.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="systemitem">--gtk-no-debug <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code>. </b>
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A list of <a class="link" href="gtk-running.html#GTK-Debug-Options" title="GTK_DEBUG">debug options</a>
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to turn off. This option is only available if GTK+ has been configured with
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<code class="option">--enable-debug=yes</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The following options are really used by GDK, not by GTK+, but we
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list them here for completeness nevertheless.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="systemitem">--class <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em></code>. </b>
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Sets the program class; see gdk_set_program_class().
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="systemitem">--name <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></code>. </b>
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Sets the program name.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="systemitem">--gdk-debug <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code>. </b>
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A list of <a class="link" href="gtk-running.html#GDK-Debug-Options" title="GDK_DEBUG">debug options</a>
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to turn on in addition to those specified in the <code class="envar">GDK_DEBUG</code>
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environment variable. This option is only available if GTK+ has been
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configured with <code class="option">--enable-debug=yes</code>.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="systemitem">--gdk-no-debug <em class="replaceable"><code>options</code></em></code>. </b>
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A list of <a class="link" href="gtk-running.html#GDK-Debug-Options" title="GDK_DEBUG">debug options</a>
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to turn off. This option is only available if GTK+ has been configured with
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<code class="option">--enable-debug=yes</code>.
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</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<div class="refsect2">
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<a name="id-1.8.4.3.3"></a><h3>Environment variables</h3>
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<p>
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GTK+ inspects a number of environment variables in addition to standard
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variables like <code class="envar">LANG</code>, <code class="envar">PATH</code>, <code class="envar">HOME</code>
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or <code class="envar">DISPLAY</code>; mostly to determine paths to look for certain
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files. The <a class="link" href="gtk-x11.html#x11-envar" title="X11-specific environment variables">X11</a>,
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<a class="link" href="gtk-windows.html#win32-envar" title="Windows-specific environment variables">Windows</a> and
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<a class="link" href="gtk-broadway.html#broadway-envar" title="Broadway-specific environment variables">Broadway</a> GDK backends use some
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additional environment variables.
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</p>
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<p><a name="GTK-Debug-Options"></a><b><code class="envar">GTK_DEBUG</code>. </b>
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This variable can be set to a list of debug options, which cause GTK to
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print out different types of debugging information. Some of these options
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are only available when GTK has been configured with <code class="option">--enable-debug=yes</code>.
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist">
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<colgroup>
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<col align="left" valign="top">
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<col>
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">actions</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Actions and menu models</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">baselines</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Show baselines</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">builder</span></p></td>
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<td><p>GtkBuilder support</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">geometry</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Size allocation</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">icontheme</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Icon themes</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">interactive</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Open the <a class="link" href="gtk-running.html#interactive-debugging" title="Interactive debugging">interactive debugger</a></p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">keybindings</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Keybindings</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">misc</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Miscellaneous information</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">modules</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Loading of modules</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">no-css-cache</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Bypass caching for CSS style properties</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">no-pixel-cache</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Disable the pixel cache</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">plugsocket</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Cross-process embedding</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">pixel-cache</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Pixel cache</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">printing</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Printing support</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">size-request</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Size requests</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">text</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Text widget internals</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">touchscreen</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Pretend the pointer is a touchscreen device</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">tree</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Tree widget internals</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">updates</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Visual feedback about window updates</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">resize</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Highlight resizing widgets</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">layout</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Show layout borders</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table></div>
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<p>
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The special value <code class="literal">all</code> can be used to turn on all
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debug options. The special value <code class="literal">help</code> can be used
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to obtain a list of all supported debug options.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="envar">GTK3_MODULES</code>. </b>
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A list of modules to load. Note that GTK+ also allows to specify modules to load via a commandline option (<code class="option">--gtk-module</code>) and with the <code class="literal">gtk-modules</code> setting.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="envar">GTK_MODULES</code>. </b>
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A list of modules to load in addition to the ones in the <code class="envar">GTK3_MODULES</code> variable.
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</p>
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<div class="warning">
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Note that this environment variable is read by GTK+ 2.x too,
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which may not have the same set of modules available for loading.
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Use <code class="envar">GTK3_MODULES</code> for modules that are only compatible
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with GTK+ 3.
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</div>
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<p><a name="gtk-path"></a><b><code class="envar">GTK_PATH</code>. </b>
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Specifies a list of directories to search when GTK+ is looking for
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dynamically loaded objects such as the modules specified by
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<code class="envar">GTK_MODULES</code>, theme engines, input method
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modules, file system backends and print backends. If the path to
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the dynamically loaded object is given as an absolute path name,
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then GTK+ loads it directly.
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Otherwise, GTK+ goes in turn through the directories in <code class="envar">GTK_PATH</code>,
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followed by the directory <code class="filename">.gtk-3.0</code> in the user's
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home directory, followed by the system default directory,
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which is <code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>libdir</code></em>/gtk-3.0/modules</code>.
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(If <code class="envar">GTK_EXE_PREFIX</code> is defined, <em class="replaceable"><code>libdir</code></em> is
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<code class="filename">$GTK_EXE_PREFIX/lib</code>. Otherwise it is the libdir
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specified when GTK+ was configured, usually
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<code class="filename">/usr/lib</code>, or
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<code class="filename">/usr/local/lib</code>.)
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For each directory in this list, GTK+ actually looks in a
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subdirectory
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<code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em>/<em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em></code>
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Where <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em> is derived from the
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version of GTK+ (use <code class="literal">pkg-config
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--variable=gtk_binary_version gtk+-3.0</code> to determine this from a
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script), <em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em> is the architecture on
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which GTK+ was built. (use <code class="literal">pkg-config
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--variable=gtk_host gtk+-3.0</code> to determine this from a
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script), and <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em> is a directory
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specific to the type of modules; currently it can be
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<code class="literal">modules</code>, <code class="literal">engines</code>,
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<code class="literal">immodules</code>, <code class="literal">filesystems</code> or
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<code class="literal">printbackends</code>, corresponding to the types of
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modules mentioned above. Either <em class="replaceable"><code>version</code></em>,
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<em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em>, or both may be omitted. GTK+ looks
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first in the most specific directory, then in directories with
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fewer components.
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The components of GTK_PATH are separated by the ':' character on
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Linux and Unix, and the ';' character on Windows.
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</p>
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<div class="warning">
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Note that this environment variable is read by GTK+ 2.x too, which
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makes it unsuitable for setting it system-wide (or session-wide),
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since doing so will cause either GTK+ 2.x applications or GTK+ 3
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applications to see incompatible modules.
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</div>
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<p><b><code class="envar">GTK_IM_MODULE</code>. </b>
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Specifies an IM module to use in preference to the one determined
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from the locale. If this isn't set and you are running on the system
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that enables <code class="literal">XSETTINGS</code> and has a value in
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<code class="literal">Gtk/IMModule</code>, that will be used for the default
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IM module.
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This also can be a colon-separated list of input-methods, which
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GTK+ will try in turn until it finds one available on the system.
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</p>
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<p><a name="gtk-im-module-file"></a><b><code class="envar">GTK_IM_MODULE_FILE</code>. </b>
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Specifies the file listing the IM modules to load. This environment
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variable the default value
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<code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>libdir</code></em>/gtk-3.0/3.0.0/immodules.cache</code>
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(<em class="replaceable"><code>libdir</code></em> has the same meaning here as explained for <code class="envar">GTK_PATH</code>).
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The <code class="filename">immodules.cache</code> file is generated by the
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<span class="command"><strong>gtk-query-immodules-3.0</strong></span> utility.
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</p>
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<div class="warning">
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Note that this environment variable is read by GTK+ 2.x too, which
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makes it unsuitable for setting it system-wide (or session-wide),
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since doing so will cause either GTK+ 2.x applications or GTK+ 3
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applications to see the wrong list of IM modules.
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</div>
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<p><b><code class="envar">GTK_EXE_PREFIX</code>. </b>
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If set, GTK+ uses <code class="filename">$GTK_EXE_PREFIX/lib</code> instead of
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the libdir configured when GTK+ was compiled.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="envar">GTK_DATA_PREFIX</code>. </b>
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If set, makes GTK+ use <code class="filename">$GTK_DATA_PREFIX</code>
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instead of the prefix configured when GTK+ was compiled.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="envar">GTK_THEME</code>. </b>
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If set, makes GTK+ use the named theme instead of the theme
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that is specified by the gtk-theme-name setting. This is intended
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mainly for easy debugging of theme issues.
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It is also possible to specify a theme variant to load, by appending
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the variant name with a colon, like this: `GTK_THEME=Adwaita:dark`.
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</p>
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<p>
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The following environment variables are used by GdkPixbuf, GDK or
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Pango, not by GTK+ itself, but we list them here for completeness
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nevertheless.
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</p>
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<p><b><code class="envar">GDK_PIXBUF_MODULE_FILE</code>. </b>
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Specifies the file listing the GdkPixbuf loader modules to load.
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This environment variable overrides the default value
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<code class="filename"><em class="replaceable"><code>libdir</code></em>/gtk-3.0/3.0.0/loaders.cache</code>
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(<em class="replaceable"><code>libdir</code></em> is the sysconfdir specified when
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GTK+ was configured, usually <code class="filename">/usr/local/lib</code>.)
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The <code class="filename">loaders.cache</code> file is generated by the
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<span class="command"><strong>gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders</strong></span> utility.
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</p>
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<p><a name="GDK-Debug-Options"></a><b><code class="envar">GDK_DEBUG</code>. </b>
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If GTK+ has been configured with <code class="option">--enable-debug=yes</code>,
|
||
this variable can be set to a list of debug options, which cause GDK
|
||
to print out different types of debugging information.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
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<col align="left" valign="top">
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||
<col>
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">cursor</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Information about cursor objects (only win32)</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">dnd</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Information about drag-and-drop</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">draw</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Information about drawing operations (only win32)</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">eventloop</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Information about event loop operation (mostly Quartz)</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">misc</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Miscellaneous information</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">nogl</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Turn off OpenGL. GDK will behave as if OpenGL support was not available.</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">nograbs</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Turn off all pointer and keyboard grabs</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">xinerama</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Simulate a multi-monitor setup</p></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><p><span class="term">xim</span></p></td>
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<td><p>Information about XIM support</p></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table></div>
|
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<p>
|
||
The special value <code class="literal">all</code> can be used to turn on all
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debug options.
|
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</p>
|
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<p><b><code class="envar">GDK_RENDERING</code>. </b>
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If set, selects the way how GDK creates similar surfaces. This affects both the
|
||
functionality of the function gdk_window_create_similar_surface() as well as the
|
||
way GDK creates backing surfaces for double buffering. The following values can
|
||
be used:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col align="left" valign="top">
|
||
<col>
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><p><span class="term">similar</span></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Create similar surfaces to the window in use. This is the
|
||
default behavior when the variable is not set.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><p><span class="term">image</span></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Always create image surfaces. This essentially turns off
|
||
all hardware acceleration inside GTK.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><p><span class="term">recording</span></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Always create recording surfaces. This causes bare rendering
|
||
to the backend without the creation of intermediate surfaces (Pixmaps in X)
|
||
and will likely cause flicker.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table></div>
|
||
<p>
|
||
All other values will be ignored and fall back to the default behavior. More
|
||
values might be added in the future.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><b><code class="envar">GDK_BACKEND</code>. </b>
|
||
If set, selects the GDK backend to use. Selecting a backend requires that
|
||
GTK+ is compiled with support for that backend. The following backends can
|
||
be selected, provided they are included in the GDK libraries you are using:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col align="left" valign="top">
|
||
<col>
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><p><span class="term">quartz</span></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Selects the native Quartz backend</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><p><span class="term">win32</span></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Selects the native backend for Microsoft Windows</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><p><span class="term">x11</span></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Selects the native backend for connecting to X11 servers.</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><p><span class="term">broadway</span></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Selects the Broadway backend for display in web browsers</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><p><span class="term">wayland</span></p></td>
|
||
<td><p>Selects the Wayland backend for connecting to Wayland display servers</p></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table></div>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Since 3.10, this environment variable can contain a comma-separated list
|
||
of backend names, which are tried in order. The list may also contain
|
||
a *, which means: try all remaining backends. The special value "help" can
|
||
be used to make GDK print out a list of all available backends.
|
||
For more information about selecting backends, see the gdk_display_manager_get() function.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><b><code class="envar">GTK_CSD</code>. </b>
|
||
The default value of this environment variable is 1. If changed to 0, this
|
||
disables the default use of client-side decorations on GTK+ windows, thus
|
||
making the window manager responsible for drawing the decorations of
|
||
windows that do not have a custom titlebar widget.
|
||
|
||
CSD is always used for windows with a custom titlebar widget set, as the WM
|
||
should not draw another titlebar or other decorations around the custom one.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><b><code class="envar">GTK_OVERLAY_SCROLLING</code>. </b>
|
||
The default value of this environment variable is 1, which means that each
|
||
instance of GtkScrolledWindow will choose whether to use overlay or full-
|
||
size scrollbars via its own GtkScrolledWindow:overlay-scrolling property,
|
||
which defaults to <code class="literal">TRUE</code>. If this variable is set to 0,
|
||
all GtkScrolledWindow instances are made to use full/non-overlay scrollbars.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><b><code class="envar">XDG_DATA_HOME</code>, <code class="envar">XDG_DATA_DIRS</code>. </b>
|
||
GTK+ uses these environment variables to locate icon themes
|
||
and MIME information. For more information, see
|
||
<a class="ulink" href="https://freedesktop.org/Standards/icon-theme-spec" target="_top">Icon Theme Specification</a>,
|
||
the <a class="ulink" href="https://freedesktop.org/Standards/shared-mime-info-spec" target="_top">Shared MIME-info Database</a>
|
||
and the <a class="ulink" href="https://freedesktop.org/Standards/basedir-spec" target="_top">Base Directory Specification</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><b><code class="envar">DESKTOP_STARTUP_ID</code>. </b>
|
||
GTK+ uses this environment variable to provide startup notification
|
||
according to the <a class="ulink" href="https://standards.freedesktop.org/startup-notification-spec/startup-notification-latest.txt" target="_top">Startup Notification Spec</a>.
|
||
Following the specification, GTK+ unsets this variable after reading
|
||
it (to keep it from leaking to child processes). So, if you need its
|
||
value for your own purposes, you have to read it before calling
|
||
gtk_init().
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<div class="refsect2">
|
||
<a name="interactive-debugging"></a><h3>Interactive debugging</h3>
|
||
<img src="inspector.png"><p>
|
||
GTK+ includes an interactive debugger, called the GTK+ Inspector, which
|
||
lets you explore the widget tree of any GTK+ application at runtime, as
|
||
well as tweak the theme and trigger visual debugging aids. You can
|
||
easily try out changes at runtime before putting them into the code.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Note that the GTK+ inspector can only show GTK+ internals. It can not
|
||
understand the application-specific logic of a GTK+ application. Also,
|
||
the fact that the GTK+ inspector is running in the application process
|
||
limits what it can do. It is meant as a complement to full-blown debuggers
|
||
and system tracing facilities such as DTrace, not as a replacement.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
To enable the GTK+ inspector, you can use the Control-Shift-I or
|
||
Control-Shift-D keyboard shortcuts, or set the
|
||
<code class="envar">GTK_DEBUG=interactive</code> environment variable.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
In some situations, it may be inappropriate to give users access to the
|
||
GTK+ inspector. The keyboard shortcuts can be disabled with the
|
||
`enable-inspector-keybinding` key in the `org.gtk.Settings.Debug`
|
||
GSettings schema.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="footer">
|
||
<hr>Generated by GTK-Doc V1.33.1</div>
|
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|
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